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  • For this dining area, Extreme Measures Construction installed a polished overlay and then enhanced it with dye and decorative sawcuts.
  • A polished concrete overlay installed by Concrete Polishing & Sealing Ltd. completely restored this 3,000-square-foot recreation room floor, giving it a high-gloss finish that reflects the overhead lighting.
  • Madstone Concrete installed a self-leveling polished overlay to replace a failing wood floor and give the homeowners the sleek, modern look they were after. The overlay also allowed the homeowners to match the color of the floor to a Benjamin Moore paint color.
  • It’s important to be ready for any contingency that may occur while placing a polished concrete overlay by keeping an organized mix station and plenty of backup tools and staff on hand.

Polished Concrete Overlays
Time: 03:31
From surface preparation through grinding, honing and polishing, this video provides an overview of the process of polishing overlays.

With their ease of maintenance and beautiful high-gloss finish, polished concrete floors are becoming the new superstars of the decorative flooring world, especially in high-profile retail and commercial settings. Although most existing concrete slabs can be polished, some have major flaws, such as spalled areas, carpet tack holes and extensive patchwork, which would still show through after polishing. And in terms of decorative options, existing polished floors are limited to the application of topical color.

To meet the demand for an aesthetically pleasing solution for polishing imperfect concrete floors, more and more contractors are now installing polished overlays as an economical alternative. The Concrete Network talked with three contractors who specialize in these projects to get their viewpoints about the applications for polished overlays and how to achieve success in this growing market.

WHY FLOOR OWNERS LIKE POLISHED OVERLAYS

In most cases, polished overlays are used to cover up problem floors and achieve a perfectly smooth, seam-free surface. In other cases, the owner wants to enhance an existing floor with decorative sawcuts or get a terrazzo-like finish by seeding the overlay with colored aggregate.

“A polishable overlay will let us provide the polished concrete look for a client but without the underlying slab imperfections showing through,” says Brian Johnson, owner of Extreme Measures Construction, Beaumont, Calif., a company that installs polished overlays, microtoppings and stampable overlays. One of their specialties is to seed the overlay and then polish it to expose the aggregate. He says this process can be offered as a terrazzo alternative at about half the price.

Youri Semakov of Concrete Polishing & Sealing Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario, says that many of his customers appreciate the fast turnaround time of a polished overlay when compared with replacing or patching the existing concrete. “The microtopping can be successfully installed over any hard surface including concrete, terrazzo and tiles, with a fast turnaround time of just 24 hours,” he says. A polished microtopping has many other attributes as well, he adds. “It can easily be treated with color or a decorative coating, it is environmentally friendly, mold and mildew resistant and, most important, economical.”

Tom Zilian of Madstone LLC, Barrington, R.I., installs polished overlays for both commercial and residential clients. “The demand is growing as awareness grows, especially in the residential and small high-end commercial markets,” he says. His clients include image-based businesses who are trying to portray an ultramodern, minimalist design aesthetic and homeowners who like polished overlays because they can be custom matched to a desired color and offer a seamless, low-maintenance surface. “Most importantly, polished overlays are a good solution when the existing concrete is in such poor condition (cracks, spalling, pitted, out of level) that polishing the existing concrete would look undesirable and too industrial,” he says.

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INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS

Installing a polished overlay requires a different level of expertise than when simply polishing an existing concrete floor. Preparing the floor for the overlay is often the most time-consuming aspect of the process, especially if existing floor coverings must be removed and the underlying floor needs to be reprofiled. Semakov often uses a 10-inch sandblaster and industrial floor grinder to remove residual tile mastic and unsound concrete and leave behind a roughened surface profile.

Placing the overlay itself can also be tricky. It’s not for the faint of heart or those inexperienced with the process, according to Johnson. “Timing is critical on so many parts of this process, such as getting the mix on the floor, seeding the mix at the right time, sawcutting [if desired], and finally polishing the floor and applying dyes and the densifier,” he explains.

Zilian agrees, and says that polishing a concrete overlay requires more coordination of efforts and attention to detail than polishing a conventional concrete slab, so it’s important to be ready for any contingency. “Timing is everything,” he says. “We use lots of manpower and two or three mixing stations to make sure a fresh batch is continuously being delivered to the pour line. We also have a high degree of expertise behind the gauge rake and smoother.”

Once the overlay is down, however, the polishing process is fairly straightforward and can be accomplished with standard concrete polishing equipment. “For overlays, we use the same method as when polishing normal concrete, the same diamond tooling,” says Semakov.

Zilian advises contractors to always use a planetary grinder when polishing concrete overlays and begin polishing no later than 24 hours after overlay placement.

GOING BEYOND BASIC POLISHED CONCRETE

Although it takes time and diligence to perfect the installation of polished overlays, it’s worth the effort. “It’s only a five-step process, and it reveals a rich, deep shine,” says Zilian about his company’s method. He also notes that polished overlays offer distinct qualities that can’t be achieved by polishing existing concrete, such as the ability to create a white polished concrete floor and even distribution of exposed aggregate.

Semakov says that his clients are looking for flooring options beyond basic polished concrete. “At first, our company undertook straightforward projects, like polishing concrete floors for IKEA, which required only diamond polishing and densification. As the market has matured over the years and the industry has gained more experience, the demand has grown for more complicated and aesthetically appealing solutions, including the installation of polished microtoppings as well as the use of dyes, water-based colors, and various lithium and water-based coatings,” he says.

An organized mix station.

TIPS FOR POLISHING CONCRETE OVERLAYS

Polishing a concrete overlay requires more coordination of efforts and attention to detail than polishing a conventional concrete slab. Here are some tips from concrete polishing specialist Tom Zilian of Madstone Concrete, Barrington, R.I., on how to polish cement-based overlays successfully.

Apply the overlay evenly.

Placing the overlay

  • For polishing, you need a very flat floor, free from ripples and smoothing marks, says Zilian, who uses a self-leveling polishable overlay system from Duraamen Engineered Products on his projects.
  • Be ready for any contingency that may occur while the pour is in progress by keeping an organized mix station and plenty of backup tools and staff on hand. “Timing is everything,” says Zilian. “We use lots of manpower and two or three mixing stations to make sure a fresh batch is continuously being delivered to the pour line. We also have a high degree of expertise behind the gauge rake and smoother.”
  • If you want to seed the surface with glass or other aggregates, wait no longer than 10 minutes after the overlay has been smoothed.

Protect adjacent surfaces.

The polishing process

  • Always use a planetary grinder when polishing concrete overlays, and begin polishing no later than 24 hours after overlay placement.
  • Use metal-bond diamond tooling for the initial grinding and honing stages (80 grit, then 100 grit). “We make sure we grind deep enough to cut past the air voids around the aggregates if we have seeded them into the overlay at the time of pouring. It is very important to keep the machines steady and watch your pull backs. We keep our rpms a little higher when grinding overlays,” says Zilian.
  • Apply a densifier. Zilian prefers to use a colloidal silica-based densifier for his polished overlay projects (such as Duraamen’s Hermetix), because its extremely fine particle size seems to yield better results than traditional sodium- or potassium-based densifiers. When applying a densifier to concrete overlays, Zilian recommends using twice the spread rate as conventional concrete because of their porosity.

Polish up to 3,000 grit.

Final burnishing

  • For the final polishing stages, Zillian uses a series of diamond-impregnated pads (200 grit, 800 grit, and 3,000 grit). “We turn up the rpms as high as the machine will run. We also take the weights off at this point, turning our planetary grinder into a burnisher,” he says.
  • Before burnishing, apply a floor conditioner to help protect the floor and enhance the shine. “We have one installer use a pump sprayer to apply the floor finish and another to smooth it out. Within minutes we can be high-speed burnishing.”

Maintaining polished overlays

As a maintenance regimen for polished overlays, Zilian recommends daily vacuuming to remove abrasive particles, along with periodic mopping with a neutral or slightly PH detergent to keep up the shine. He also recommends high-speed burnishing with a 3,000-grit diamond-impregnated pad once a year to revitalize the shine.

Related articlesRead more about polished overlay projects installed by these contractors:
Polishable Overlay Trends: Excerpt from Concrete Overlays Today
When to Use a Polishable Overlay
Polished Concrete Overlay Offers a Seamless Solution to a Buckled Wood Floor
Polished Concrete Floor Overlay Is Ready for Recreation

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